Initial overall to match latest updates

1 files changed, 2099 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/desktop/sto/x.c b/desktop/sto/x.c
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aa09997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/desktop/sto/x.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2099 @@
+/* See LICENSE for license details. */
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <X11/Xatom.h>
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
+#include <X11/keysym.h>
+#include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
+#include <X11/XKBlib.h>
+
+char *argv0;
+#include "arg.h"
+#include "st.h"
+#include "win.h"
+
+/* types used in config.h */
+typedef struct {
+	uint mod;
+	KeySym keysym;
+	void (*func)(const Arg *);
+	const Arg arg;
+} Shortcut;
+
+typedef struct {
+	uint mod;
+	uint button;
+	void (*func)(const Arg *);
+	const Arg arg;
+	uint  release;
+} MouseShortcut;
+
+typedef struct {
+	KeySym k;
+	uint mask;
+	char *s;
+	/* three-valued logic variables: 0 indifferent, 1 on, -1 off */
+	signed char appkey;    /* application keypad */
+	signed char appcursor; /* application cursor */
+} Key;
+
+/* X modifiers */
+#define XK_ANY_MOD    UINT_MAX
+#define XK_NO_MOD     0
+#define XK_SWITCH_MOD (1<<13|1<<14)
+
+/* function definitions used in config.h */
+static void clipcopy(const Arg *);
+static void clippaste(const Arg *);
+static void numlock(const Arg *);
+static void selpaste(const Arg *);
+static void zoom(const Arg *);
+static void zoomabs(const Arg *);
+static void zoomreset(const Arg *);
+static void ttysend(const Arg *);
+
+/* config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
+#include "config.h"
+
+/* XEMBED messages */
+#define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN  4
+#define XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT 5
+
+/* macros */
+#define IS_SET(flag)		((win.mode & (flag)) != 0)
+#define TRUERED(x)		(((x) & 0xff0000) >> 8)
+#define TRUEGREEN(x)		(((x) & 0xff00))
+#define TRUEBLUE(x)		(((x) & 0xff) << 8)
+
+typedef XftDraw *Draw;
+typedef XftColor Color;
+typedef XftGlyphFontSpec GlyphFontSpec;
+
+/* Purely graphic info */
+typedef struct {
+	int tw, th; /* tty width and height */
+	int w, h; /* window width and height */
+	int ch; /* char height */
+	int cw; /* char width  */
+	int mode; /* window state/mode flags */
+	int cursor; /* cursor style */
+} TermWindow;
+
+typedef struct {
+	Display *dpy;
+	Colormap cmap;
+	Window win;
+	Drawable buf;
+	GlyphFontSpec *specbuf; /* font spec buffer used for rendering */
+	Atom xembed, wmdeletewin, netwmname, netwmiconname, netwmpid;
+	struct {
+		XIM xim;
+		XIC xic;
+		XPoint spot;
+		XVaNestedList spotlist;
+	} ime;
+	Draw draw;
+	Visual *vis;
+	XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
+	int scr;
+	int isfixed; /* is fixed geometry? */
+	int l, t; /* left and top offset */
+	int gm; /* geometry mask */
+} XWindow;
+
+typedef struct {
+	Atom xtarget;
+	char *primary, *clipboard;
+	struct timespec tclick1;
+	struct timespec tclick2;
+} XSelection;
+
+/* Font structure */
+#define Font Font_
+typedef struct {
+	int height;
+	int width;
+	int ascent;
+	int descent;
+	int badslant;
+	int badweight;
+	short lbearing;
+	short rbearing;
+	XftFont *match;
+	FcFontSet *set;
+	FcPattern *pattern;
+} Font;
+
+/* Drawing Context */
+typedef struct {
+	Color *col;
+	size_t collen;
+	Font font, bfont, ifont, ibfont;
+	GC gc;
+} DC;
+
+static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
+static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int, int);
+static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
+static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
+static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
+static int xgeommasktogravity(int);
+static int ximopen(Display *);
+static void ximinstantiate(Display *, XPointer, XPointer);
+static void ximdestroy(XIM, XPointer, XPointer);
+static int xicdestroy(XIC, XPointer, XPointer);
+static void xinit(int, int);
+static void cresize(int, int);
+static void xresize(int, int);
+static void xhints(void);
+static int xloadcolor(int, const char *, Color *);
+static int xloadfont(Font *, FcPattern *);
+static void xloadfonts(const char *, double);
+static void xunloadfont(Font *);
+static void xunloadfonts(void);
+static void xsetenv(void);
+static void xseturgency(int);
+static int evcol(XEvent *);
+static int evrow(XEvent *);
+
+static void expose(XEvent *);
+static void visibility(XEvent *);
+static void unmap(XEvent *);
+static void kpress(XEvent *);
+static void cmessage(XEvent *);
+static void resize(XEvent *);
+static void focus(XEvent *);
+static uint buttonmask(uint);
+static int mouseaction(XEvent *, uint);
+static void brelease(XEvent *);
+static void bpress(XEvent *);
+static void bmotion(XEvent *);
+static void propnotify(XEvent *);
+static void selnotify(XEvent *);
+static void selclear_(XEvent *);
+static void selrequest(XEvent *);
+static void setsel(char *, Time);
+static void mousesel(XEvent *, int);
+static void mousereport(XEvent *);
+static char *kmap(KeySym, uint);
+static int match(uint, uint);
+
+static void run(void);
+static void usage(void);
+
+static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
+	[KeyPress] = kpress,
+	[ClientMessage] = cmessage,
+	[ConfigureNotify] = resize,
+	[VisibilityNotify] = visibility,
+	[UnmapNotify] = unmap,
+	[Expose] = expose,
+	[FocusIn] = focus,
+	[FocusOut] = focus,
+	[MotionNotify] = bmotion,
+	[ButtonPress] = bpress,
+	[ButtonRelease] = brelease,
+/*
+ * Uncomment if you want the selection to disappear when you select something
+ * different in another window.
+ */
+/*	[SelectionClear] = selclear_, */
+	[SelectionNotify] = selnotify,
+/*
+ * PropertyNotify is only turned on when there is some INCR transfer happening
+ * for the selection retrieval.
+ */
+	[PropertyNotify] = propnotify,
+	[SelectionRequest] = selrequest,
+};
+
+/* Globals */
+static DC dc;
+static XWindow xw;
+static XSelection xsel;
+static TermWindow win;
+
+/* Font Ring Cache */
+enum {
+	FRC_NORMAL,
+	FRC_ITALIC,
+	FRC_BOLD,
+	FRC_ITALICBOLD
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+	XftFont *font;
+	int flags;
+	Rune unicodep;
+} Fontcache;
+
+/* Fontcache is an array now. A new font will be appended to the array. */
+static Fontcache *frc = NULL;
+static int frclen = 0;
+static int frccap = 0;
+static char *usedfont = NULL;
+static double usedfontsize = 0;
+static double defaultfontsize = 0;
+
+static char *opt_class = NULL;
+static char **opt_cmd  = NULL;
+static char *opt_embed = NULL;
+static char *opt_font  = NULL;
+static char *opt_io    = NULL;
+static char *opt_line  = NULL;
+static char *opt_name  = NULL;
+static char *opt_title = NULL;
+
+static uint buttons; /* bit field of pressed buttons */
+
+void
+clipcopy(const Arg *dummy)
+{
+	Atom clipboard;
+
+	free(xsel.clipboard);
+	xsel.clipboard = NULL;
+
+	if (xsel.primary != NULL) {
+		xsel.clipboard = xstrdup(xsel.primary);
+		clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+		XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, clipboard, xw.win, CurrentTime);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+clippaste(const Arg *dummy)
+{
+	Atom clipboard;
+
+	clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+	XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, clipboard, xsel.xtarget, clipboard,
+			xw.win, CurrentTime);
+}
+
+void
+selpaste(const Arg *dummy)
+{
+	XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xsel.xtarget, XA_PRIMARY,
+			xw.win, CurrentTime);
+}
+
+void
+numlock(const Arg *dummy)
+{
+	win.mode ^= MODE_NUMLOCK;
+}
+
+void
+zoom(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	Arg larg;
+
+	larg.f = usedfontsize + arg->f;
+	zoomabs(&larg);
+}
+
+void
+zoomabs(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	xunloadfonts();
+	xloadfonts(usedfont, arg->f);
+	cresize(0, 0);
+	redraw();
+	xhints();
+}
+
+void
+zoomreset(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	Arg larg;
+
+	if (defaultfontsize > 0) {
+		larg.f = defaultfontsize;
+		zoomabs(&larg);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+ttysend(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	ttywrite(arg->s, strlen(arg->s), 1);
+}
+
+int
+evcol(XEvent *e)
+{
+	int x = e->xbutton.x - borderpx;
+	LIMIT(x, 0, win.tw - 1);
+	return x / win.cw;
+}
+
+int
+evrow(XEvent *e)
+{
+	int y = e->xbutton.y - borderpx;
+	LIMIT(y, 0, win.th - 1);
+	return y / win.ch;
+}
+
+void
+mousesel(XEvent *e, int done)
+{
+	int type, seltype = SEL_REGULAR;
+	uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~(Button1Mask | forcemousemod);
+
+	for (type = 1; type < LEN(selmasks); ++type) {
+		if (match(selmasks[type], state)) {
+			seltype = type;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	selextend(evcol(e), evrow(e), seltype, done);
+	if (done)
+		setsel(getsel(), e->xbutton.time);
+}
+
+void
+mousereport(XEvent *e)
+{
+	int len, btn, code;
+	int x = evcol(e), y = evrow(e);
+	int state = e->xbutton.state;
+	char buf[40];
+	static int ox, oy;
+
+	if (e->type == MotionNotify) {
+		if (x == ox && y == oy)
+			return;
+		if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && !IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMANY))
+			return;
+		/* MODE_MOUSEMOTION: no reporting if no button is pressed */
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && buttons == 0)
+			return;
+		/* Set btn to lowest-numbered pressed button, or 12 if no
+		 * buttons are pressed. */
+		for (btn = 1; btn <= 11 && !(buttons & (1<<(btn-1))); btn++)
+			;
+		code = 32;
+	} else {
+		btn = e->xbutton.button;
+		/* Only buttons 1 through 11 can be encoded */
+		if (btn < 1 || btn > 11)
+			return;
+		if (e->type == ButtonRelease) {
+			/* MODE_MOUSEX10: no button release reporting */
+			if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10))
+				return;
+			/* Don't send release events for the scroll wheel */
+			if (btn == 4 || btn == 5)
+				return;
+		}
+		code = 0;
+	}
+
+	ox = x;
+	oy = y;
+
+	/* Encode btn into code. If no button is pressed for a motion event in
+	 * MODE_MOUSEMANY, then encode it as a release. */
+	if ((!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR) && e->type == ButtonRelease) || btn == 12)
+		code += 3;
+	else if (btn >= 8)
+		code += 128 + btn - 8;
+	else if (btn >= 4)
+		code += 64 + btn - 4;
+	else
+		code += btn - 1;
+
+	if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10)) {
+		code += ((state & ShiftMask  ) ?  4 : 0)
+		      + ((state & Mod1Mask   ) ?  8 : 0) /* meta key: alt */
+		      + ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
+	}
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
+		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c",
+				code, x+1, y+1,
+				e->type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
+	} else if (x < 223 && y < 223) {
+		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[M%c%c%c",
+				32+code, 32+x+1, 32+y+1);
+	} else {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ttywrite(buf, len, 0);
+}
+
+uint
+buttonmask(uint button)
+{
+	return button == Button1 ? Button1Mask
+	     : button == Button2 ? Button2Mask
+	     : button == Button3 ? Button3Mask
+	     : button == Button4 ? Button4Mask
+	     : button == Button5 ? Button5Mask
+	     : 0;
+}
+
+int
+mouseaction(XEvent *e, uint release)
+{
+	MouseShortcut *ms;
+
+	/* ignore Button<N>mask for Button<N> - it's set on release */
+	uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~buttonmask(e->xbutton.button);
+
+	for (ms = mshortcuts; ms < mshortcuts + LEN(mshortcuts); ms++) {
+		if (ms->release == release &&
+		    ms->button == e->xbutton.button &&
+		    (match(ms->mod, state) ||  /* exact or forced */
+		     match(ms->mod, state & ~forcemousemod))) {
+			ms->func(&(ms->arg));
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+bpress(XEvent *e)
+{
+	int btn = e->xbutton.button;
+	struct timespec now;
+	int snap;
+
+	if (1 <= btn && btn <= 11)
+		buttons |= 1 << (btn-1);
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
+		mousereport(e);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (mouseaction(e, 0))
+		return;
+
+	if (btn == Button1) {
+		/*
+		 * If the user clicks below predefined timeouts specific
+		 * snapping behaviour is exposed.
+		 */
+		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
+		if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick2) <= tripleclicktimeout) {
+			snap = SNAP_LINE;
+		} else if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick1) <= doubleclicktimeout) {
+			snap = SNAP_WORD;
+		} else {
+			snap = 0;
+		}
+		xsel.tclick2 = xsel.tclick1;
+		xsel.tclick1 = now;
+
+		selstart(evcol(e), evrow(e), snap);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+propnotify(XEvent *e)
+{
+	XPropertyEvent *xpev;
+	Atom clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+
+	xpev = &e->xproperty;
+	if (xpev->state == PropertyNewValue &&
+			(xpev->atom == XA_PRIMARY ||
+			 xpev->atom == clipboard)) {
+		selnotify(e);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+selnotify(XEvent *e)
+{
+	ulong nitems, ofs, rem;
+	int format;
+	uchar *data, *last, *repl;
+	Atom type, incratom, property = None;
+
+	incratom = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "INCR", 0);
+
+	ofs = 0;
+	if (e->type == SelectionNotify)
+		property = e->xselection.property;
+	else if (e->type == PropertyNotify)
+		property = e->xproperty.atom;
+
+	if (property == None)
+		return;
+
+	do {
+		if (XGetWindowProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, property, ofs,
+					BUFSIZ/4, False, AnyPropertyType,
+					&type, &format, &nitems, &rem,
+					&data)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Clipboard allocation failed\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (e->type == PropertyNotify && nitems == 0 && rem == 0) {
+			/*
+			 * If there is some PropertyNotify with no data, then
+			 * this is the signal of the selection owner that all
+			 * data has been transferred. We won't need to receive
+			 * PropertyNotify events anymore.
+			 */
+			MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 0, PropertyChangeMask);
+			XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
+					&xw.attrs);
+		}
+
+		if (type == incratom) {
+			/*
+			 * Activate the PropertyNotify events so we receive
+			 * when the selection owner does send us the next
+			 * chunk of data.
+			 */
+			MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 1, PropertyChangeMask);
+			XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
+					&xw.attrs);
+
+			/*
+			 * Deleting the property is the transfer start signal.
+			 */
+			XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * As seen in getsel:
+		 * Line endings are inconsistent in the terminal and GUI world
+		 * copy and pasting. When receiving some selection data,
+		 * replace all '\n' with '\r'.
+		 * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
+		 */
+		repl = data;
+		last = data + nitems * format / 8;
+		while ((repl = memchr(repl, '\n', last - repl))) {
+			*repl++ = '\r';
+		}
+
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && ofs == 0)
+			ttywrite("\033[200~", 6, 0);
+		ttywrite((char *)data, nitems * format / 8, 1);
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && rem == 0)
+			ttywrite("\033[201~", 6, 0);
+		XFree(data);
+		/* number of 32-bit chunks returned */
+		ofs += nitems * format / 32;
+	} while (rem > 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Deleting the property again tells the selection owner to send the
+	 * next data chunk in the property.
+	 */
+	XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
+}
+
+void
+xclipcopy(void)
+{
+	clipcopy(NULL);
+}
+
+void
+selclear_(XEvent *e)
+{
+	selclear();
+}
+
+void
+selrequest(XEvent *e)
+{
+	XSelectionRequestEvent *xsre;
+	XSelectionEvent xev;
+	Atom xa_targets, string, clipboard;
+	char *seltext;
+
+	xsre = (XSelectionRequestEvent *) e;
+	xev.type = SelectionNotify;
+	xev.requestor = xsre->requestor;
+	xev.selection = xsre->selection;
+	xev.target = xsre->target;
+	xev.time = xsre->time;
+	if (xsre->property == None)
+		xsre->property = xsre->target;
+
+	/* reject */
+	xev.property = None;
+
+	xa_targets = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "TARGETS", 0);
+	if (xsre->target == xa_targets) {
+		/* respond with the supported type */
+		string = xsel.xtarget;
+		XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property,
+				XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace,
+				(uchar *) &string, 1);
+		xev.property = xsre->property;
+	} else if (xsre->target == xsel.xtarget || xsre->target == XA_STRING) {
+		/*
+		 * xith XA_STRING non ascii characters may be incorrect in the
+		 * requestor. It is not our problem, use utf8.
+		 */
+		clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+		if (xsre->selection == XA_PRIMARY) {
+			seltext = xsel.primary;
+		} else if (xsre->selection == clipboard) {
+			seltext = xsel.clipboard;
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"Unhandled clipboard selection 0x%lx\n",
+				xsre->selection);
+			return;
+		}
+		if (seltext != NULL) {
+			XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor,
+					xsre->property, xsre->target,
+					8, PropModeReplace,
+					(uchar *)seltext, strlen(seltext));
+			xev.property = xsre->property;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* all done, send a notification to the listener */
+	if (!XSendEvent(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, 1, 0, (XEvent *) &xev))
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error sending SelectionNotify event\n");
+}
+
+void
+setsel(char *str, Time t)
+{
+	if (!str)
+		return;
+
+	free(xsel.primary);
+	xsel.primary = str;
+
+	XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, t);
+	if (XGetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY) != xw.win)
+		selclear();
+}
+
+void
+xsetsel(char *str)
+{
+	setsel(str, CurrentTime);
+}
+
+void
+brelease(XEvent *e)
+{
+	int btn = e->xbutton.button;
+
+	if (1 <= btn && btn <= 11)
+		buttons &= ~(1 << (btn-1));
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
+		mousereport(e);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (mouseaction(e, 1))
+		return;
+	if (btn == Button1)
+		mousesel(e, 1);
+}
+
+void
+bmotion(XEvent *e)
+{
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
+		mousereport(e);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	mousesel(e, 0);
+}
+
+void
+cresize(int width, int height)
+{
+	int col, row;
+
+	if (width != 0)
+		win.w = width;
+	if (height != 0)
+		win.h = height;
+
+	col = (win.w - 2 * borderpx) / win.cw;
+	row = (win.h - 2 * borderpx) / win.ch;
+	col = MAX(1, col);
+	row = MAX(1, row);
+
+	tresize(col, row);
+	xresize(col, row);
+	ttyresize(win.tw, win.th);
+}
+
+void
+xresize(int col, int row)
+{
+	win.tw = col * win.cw;
+	win.th = row * win.ch;
+
+	XFreePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.buf);
+	xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h,
+			DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
+	XftDrawChange(xw.draw, xw.buf);
+	xclear(0, 0, win.w, win.h);
+
+	/* resize to new width */
+	xw.specbuf = xrealloc(xw.specbuf, col * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
+}
+
+ushort
+sixd_to_16bit(int x)
+{
+	return x == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * x;
+}
+
+int
+xloadcolor(int i, const char *name, Color *ncolor)
+{
+	XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0xffff };
+
+	if (!name) {
+		if (BETWEEN(i, 16, 255)) { /* 256 color */
+			if (i < 6*6*6+16) { /* same colors as xterm */
+				color.red   = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/36)%6 );
+				color.green = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/6) %6 );
+				color.blue  = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/1) %6 );
+			} else { /* greyscale */
+				color.red = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (i - (6*6*6+16));
+				color.green = color.blue = color.red;
+			}
+			return XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis,
+			                          xw.cmap, &color, ncolor);
+		} else
+			name = colorname[i];
+	}
+
+	return XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, ncolor);
+}
+
+void
+xloadcols(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	static int loaded;
+	Color *cp;
+
+	if (loaded) {
+		for (cp = dc.col; cp < &dc.col[dc.collen]; ++cp)
+			XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, cp);
+	} else {
+		dc.collen = MAX(LEN(colorname), 256);
+		dc.col = xmalloc(dc.collen * sizeof(Color));
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dc.collen; i++)
+		if (!xloadcolor(i, NULL, &dc.col[i])) {
+			if (colorname[i])
+				die("could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
+			else
+				die("could not allocate color %d\n", i);
+		}
+	loaded = 1;
+}
+
+int
+xgetcolor(int x, unsigned char *r, unsigned char *g, unsigned char *b)
+{
+	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
+		return 1;
+
+	*r = dc.col[x].color.red >> 8;
+	*g = dc.col[x].color.green >> 8;
+	*b = dc.col[x].color.blue >> 8;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+xsetcolorname(int x, const char *name)
+{
+	Color ncolor;
+
+	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!xloadcolor(x, name, &ncolor))
+		return 1;
+
+	XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
+	dc.col[x] = ncolor;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Absolute coordinates.
+ */
+void
+xclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+{
+	XftDrawRect(xw.draw,
+			&dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)? defaultfg : defaultbg],
+			x1, y1, x2-x1, y2-y1);
+}
+
+void
+xhints(void)
+{
+	XClassHint class = {opt_name ? opt_name : termname,
+	                    opt_class ? opt_class : termname};
+	XWMHints wm = {.flags = InputHint, .input = 1};
+	XSizeHints *sizeh;
+
+	sizeh = XAllocSizeHints();
+
+	sizeh->flags = PSize | PResizeInc | PBaseSize | PMinSize;
+	sizeh->height = win.h;
+	sizeh->width = win.w;
+	sizeh->height_inc = win.ch;
+	sizeh->width_inc = win.cw;
+	sizeh->base_height = 2 * borderpx;
+	sizeh->base_width = 2 * borderpx;
+	sizeh->min_height = win.ch + 2 * borderpx;
+	sizeh->min_width = win.cw + 2 * borderpx;
+	if (xw.isfixed) {
+		sizeh->flags |= PMaxSize;
+		sizeh->min_width = sizeh->max_width = win.w;
+		sizeh->min_height = sizeh->max_height = win.h;
+	}
+	if (xw.gm & (XValue|YValue)) {
+		sizeh->flags |= USPosition | PWinGravity;
+		sizeh->x = xw.l;
+		sizeh->y = xw.t;
+		sizeh->win_gravity = xgeommasktogravity(xw.gm);
+	}
+
+	XSetWMProperties(xw.dpy, xw.win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, sizeh, &wm,
+			&class);
+	XFree(sizeh);
+}
+
+int
+xgeommasktogravity(int mask)
+{
+	switch (mask & (XNegative|YNegative)) {
+	case 0:
+		return NorthWestGravity;
+	case XNegative:
+		return NorthEastGravity;
+	case YNegative:
+		return SouthWestGravity;
+	}
+
+	return SouthEastGravity;
+}
+
+int
+xloadfont(Font *f, FcPattern *pattern)
+{
+	FcPattern *configured;
+	FcPattern *match;
+	FcResult result;
+	XGlyphInfo extents;
+	int wantattr, haveattr;
+
+	/*
+	 * Manually configure instead of calling XftMatchFont
+	 * so that we can use the configured pattern for
+	 * "missing glyph" lookups.
+	 */
+	configured = FcPatternDuplicate(pattern);
+	if (!configured)
+		return 1;
+
+	FcConfigSubstitute(NULL, configured, FcMatchPattern);
+	XftDefaultSubstitute(xw.dpy, xw.scr, configured);
+
+	match = FcFontMatch(NULL, configured, &result);
+	if (!match) {
+		FcPatternDestroy(configured);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!(f->match = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
+		FcPatternDestroy(configured);
+		FcPatternDestroy(match);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "slant", 0, &wantattr) ==
+	    XftResultMatch)) {
+		/*
+		 * Check if xft was unable to find a font with the appropriate
+		 * slant but gave us one anyway. Try to mitigate.
+		 */
+		if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "slant", 0,
+		    &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr < wantattr) {
+			f->badslant = 1;
+			fputs("font slant does not match\n", stderr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "weight", 0, &wantattr) ==
+	    XftResultMatch)) {
+		if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "weight", 0,
+		    &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr != wantattr) {
+			f->badweight = 1;
+			fputs("font weight does not match\n", stderr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	XftTextExtentsUtf8(xw.dpy, f->match,
+		(const FcChar8 *) ascii_printable,
+		strlen(ascii_printable), &extents);
+
+	f->set = NULL;
+	f->pattern = configured;
+
+	f->ascent = f->match->ascent;
+	f->descent = f->match->descent;
+	f->lbearing = 0;
+	f->rbearing = f->match->max_advance_width;
+
+	f->height = f->ascent + f->descent;
+	f->width = DIVCEIL(extents.xOff, strlen(ascii_printable));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+xloadfonts(const char *fontstr, double fontsize)
+{
+	FcPattern *pattern;
+	double fontval;
+
+	if (fontstr[0] == '-')
+		pattern = XftXlfdParse(fontstr, False, False);
+	else
+		pattern = FcNameParse((const FcChar8 *)fontstr);
+
+	if (!pattern)
+		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+	if (fontsize > 1) {
+		FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE);
+		FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SIZE);
+		FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, (double)fontsize);
+		usedfontsize = fontsize;
+	} else {
+		if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
+				FcResultMatch) {
+			usedfontsize = fontval;
+		} else if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
+				FcResultMatch) {
+			usedfontsize = -1;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Default font size is 12, if none given. This is to
+			 * have a known usedfontsize value.
+			 */
+			FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 12);
+			usedfontsize = 12;
+		}
+		defaultfontsize = usedfontsize;
+	}
+
+	if (xloadfont(&dc.font, pattern))
+		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+	if (usedfontsize < 0) {
+		FcPatternGetDouble(dc.font.match->pattern,
+		                   FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval);
+		usedfontsize = fontval;
+		if (fontsize == 0)
+			defaultfontsize = fontval;
+	}
+
+	/* Setting character width and height. */
+	win.cw = ceilf(dc.font.width * cwscale);
+	win.ch = ceilf(dc.font.height * chscale);
+
+	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ITALIC);
+	if (xloadfont(&dc.ifont, pattern))
+		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
+	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_BOLD);
+	if (xloadfont(&dc.ibfont, pattern))
+		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ROMAN);
+	if (xloadfont(&dc.bfont, pattern))
+		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+	FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
+}
+
+void
+xunloadfont(Font *f)
+{
+	XftFontClose(xw.dpy, f->match);
+	FcPatternDestroy(f->pattern);
+	if (f->set)
+		FcFontSetDestroy(f->set);
+}
+
+void
+xunloadfonts(void)
+{
+	/* Free the loaded fonts in the font cache.  */
+	while (frclen > 0)
+		XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[--frclen].font);
+
+	xunloadfont(&dc.font);
+	xunloadfont(&dc.bfont);
+	xunloadfont(&dc.ifont);
+	xunloadfont(&dc.ibfont);
+}
+
+int
+ximopen(Display *dpy)
+{
+	XIMCallback imdestroy = { .client_data = NULL, .callback = ximdestroy };
+	XICCallback icdestroy = { .client_data = NULL, .callback = xicdestroy };
+
+	xw.ime.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (xw.ime.xim == NULL)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (XSetIMValues(xw.ime.xim, XNDestroyCallback, &imdestroy, NULL))
+		fprintf(stderr, "XSetIMValues: "
+		                "Could not set XNDestroyCallback.\n");
+
+	xw.ime.spotlist = XVaCreateNestedList(0, XNSpotLocation, &xw.ime.spot,
+	                                      NULL);
+
+	if (xw.ime.xic == NULL) {
+		xw.ime.xic = XCreateIC(xw.ime.xim, XNInputStyle,
+		                       XIMPreeditNothing | XIMStatusNothing,
+		                       XNClientWindow, xw.win,
+		                       XNDestroyCallback, &icdestroy,
+		                       NULL);
+	}
+	if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
+		fprintf(stderr, "XCreateIC: Could not create input context.\n");
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void
+ximinstantiate(Display *dpy, XPointer client, XPointer call)
+{
+	if (ximopen(dpy))
+		XUnregisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+		                                 ximinstantiate, NULL);
+}
+
+void
+ximdestroy(XIM xim, XPointer client, XPointer call)
+{
+	xw.ime.xim = NULL;
+	XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+	                               ximinstantiate, NULL);
+	XFree(xw.ime.spotlist);
+}
+
+int
+xicdestroy(XIC xim, XPointer client, XPointer call)
+{
+	xw.ime.xic = NULL;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void
+xinit(int cols, int rows)
+{
+	XGCValues gcvalues;
+	Cursor cursor;
+	Window parent;
+	pid_t thispid = getpid();
+	XColor xmousefg, xmousebg;
+
+	if (!(xw.dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
+		die("can't open display\n");
+	xw.scr = XDefaultScreen(xw.dpy);
+	xw.vis = XDefaultVisual(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+
+	/* font */
+	if (!FcInit())
+		die("could not init fontconfig.\n");
+
+	usedfont = (opt_font == NULL)? font : opt_font;
+	xloadfonts(usedfont, 0);
+
+	/* colors */
+	xw.cmap = XDefaultColormap(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+	xloadcols();
+
+	/* adjust fixed window geometry */
+	win.w = 2 * borderpx + cols * win.cw;
+	win.h = 2 * borderpx + rows * win.ch;
+	if (xw.gm & XNegative)
+		xw.l += DisplayWidth(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.w - 2;
+	if (xw.gm & YNegative)
+		xw.t += DisplayHeight(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.h - 2;
+
+	/* Events */
+	xw.attrs.background_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
+	xw.attrs.border_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
+	xw.attrs.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
+	xw.attrs.event_mask = FocusChangeMask | KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask
+		| ExposureMask | VisibilityChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask
+		| ButtonMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
+	xw.attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;
+
+	if (!(opt_embed && (parent = strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0))))
+		parent = XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+	xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, xw.l, xw.t,
+			win.w, win.h, 0, XDefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr), InputOutput,
+			xw.vis, CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWBitGravity
+			| CWEventMask | CWColormap, &xw.attrs);
+
+	memset(&gcvalues, 0, sizeof(gcvalues));
+	gcvalues.graphics_exposures = False;
+	dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, parent, GCGraphicsExposures,
+			&gcvalues);
+	xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h,
+			DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
+	XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[defaultbg].pixel);
+	XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w, win.h);
+
+	/* font spec buffer */
+	xw.specbuf = xmalloc(cols * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
+
+	/* Xft rendering context */
+	xw.draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);
+
+	/* input methods */
+	if (!ximopen(xw.dpy)) {
+		XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+	                                       ximinstantiate, NULL);
+	}
+
+	/* white cursor, black outline */
+	cursor = XCreateFontCursor(xw.dpy, mouseshape);
+	XDefineCursor(xw.dpy, xw.win, cursor);
+
+	if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousefg], &xmousefg) == 0) {
+		xmousefg.red   = 0xffff;
+		xmousefg.green = 0xffff;
+		xmousefg.blue  = 0xffff;
+	}
+
+	if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousebg], &xmousebg) == 0) {
+		xmousebg.red   = 0x0000;
+		xmousebg.green = 0x0000;
+		xmousebg.blue  = 0x0000;
+	}
+
+	XRecolorCursor(xw.dpy, cursor, &xmousefg, &xmousebg);
+
+	xw.xembed = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
+	xw.wmdeletewin = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
+	xw.netwmname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
+	xw.netwmiconname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_ICON_NAME", False);
+	XSetWMProtocols(xw.dpy, xw.win, &xw.wmdeletewin, 1);
+
+	xw.netwmpid = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_PID", False);
+	XChangeProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.netwmpid, XA_CARDINAL, 32,
+			PropModeReplace, (uchar *)&thispid, 1);
+
+	win.mode = MODE_NUMLOCK;
+	resettitle();
+	xhints();
+	XMapWindow(xw.dpy, xw.win);
+	XSync(xw.dpy, False);
+
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick1);
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick2);
+	xsel.primary = NULL;
+	xsel.clipboard = NULL;
+	xsel.xtarget = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "UTF8_STRING", 0);
+	if (xsel.xtarget == None)
+		xsel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
+}
+
+int
+xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x, int y)
+{
+	float winx = borderpx + x * win.cw, winy = borderpx + y * win.ch, xp, yp;
+	ushort mode, prevmode = USHRT_MAX;
+	Font *font = &dc.font;
+	int frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
+	float runewidth = win.cw;
+	Rune rune;
+	FT_UInt glyphidx;
+	FcResult fcres;
+	FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
+	FcFontSet *fcsets[] = { NULL };
+	FcCharSet *fccharset;
+	int i, f, numspecs = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0, xp = winx, yp = winy + font->ascent; i < len; ++i) {
+		/* Fetch rune and mode for current glyph. */
+		rune = glyphs[i].u;
+		mode = glyphs[i].mode;
+
+		/* Skip dummy wide-character spacing. */
+		if (mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
+		if (prevmode != mode) {
+			prevmode = mode;
+			font = &dc.font;
+			frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
+			runewidth = win.cw * ((mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
+			if ((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
+				font = &dc.ibfont;
+				frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
+			} else if (mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
+				font = &dc.ifont;
+				frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
+			} else if (mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
+				font = &dc.bfont;
+				frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
+			}
+			yp = winy + font->ascent;
+		}
+
+		/* Lookup character index with default font. */
+		glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, rune);
+		if (glyphidx) {
+			specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
+			specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
+			specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
+			specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
+			xp += runewidth;
+			numspecs++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Fallback on font cache, search the font cache for match. */
+		for (f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
+			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
+			/* Everything correct. */
+			if (glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
+				break;
+			/* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
+			if (!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags
+					&& frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
+		if (f >= frclen) {
+			if (!font->set)
+				font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern,
+				                       1, 0, &fcres);
+			fcsets[0] = font->set;
+
+			/*
+			 * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
+			 * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
+			 * font for one single character.
+			 *
+			 * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
+			 */
+			fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
+			fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
+
+			FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
+			FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
+					fccharset);
+			FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);
+
+			FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
+					FcMatchPattern);
+			FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
+
+			fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
+					fcpattern, &fcres);
+
+			/* Allocate memory for the new cache entry. */
+			if (frclen >= frccap) {
+				frccap += 16;
+				frc = xrealloc(frc, frccap * sizeof(Fontcache));
+			}
+
+			frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
+					fontpattern);
+			if (!frc[frclen].font)
+				die("XftFontOpenPattern failed seeking fallback font: %s\n",
+					strerror(errno));
+			frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
+			frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;
+
+			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);
+
+			f = frclen;
+			frclen++;
+
+			FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
+			FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
+		}
+
+		specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
+		specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
+		specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
+		specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
+		xp += runewidth;
+		numspecs++;
+	}
+
+	return numspecs;
+}
+
+void
+xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, int y)
+{
+	int charlen = len * ((base.mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2 : 1);
+	int winx = borderpx + x * win.cw, winy = borderpx + y * win.ch,
+	    width = charlen * win.cw;
+	Color *fg, *bg, *temp, revfg, revbg, truefg, truebg;
+	XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
+	XRectangle r;
+
+	/* Fallback on color display for attributes not supported by the font */
+	if (base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
+		if (dc.ibfont.badslant || dc.ibfont.badweight)
+			base.fg = defaultattr;
+	} else if ((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && dc.ifont.badslant) ||
+	    (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD && dc.bfont.badweight)) {
+		base.fg = defaultattr;
+	}
+
+	if (IS_TRUECOL(base.fg)) {
+		colfg.alpha = 0xffff;
+		colfg.red = TRUERED(base.fg);
+		colfg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.fg);
+		colfg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.fg);
+		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &truefg);
+		fg = &truefg;
+	} else {
+		fg = &dc.col[base.fg];
+	}
+
+	if (IS_TRUECOL(base.bg)) {
+		colbg.alpha = 0xffff;
+		colbg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.bg);
+		colbg.red = TRUERED(base.bg);
+		colbg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.bg);
+		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg, &truebg);
+		bg = &truebg;
+	} else {
+		bg = &dc.col[base.bg];
+	}
+
+	/* Change basic system colors [0-7] to bright system colors [8-15] */
+	if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_BOLD && BETWEEN(base.fg, 0, 7))
+		fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 8];
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
+		if (fg == &dc.col[defaultfg]) {
+			fg = &dc.col[defaultbg];
+		} else {
+			colfg.red = ~fg->color.red;
+			colfg.green = ~fg->color.green;
+			colfg.blue = ~fg->color.blue;
+			colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
+			XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg,
+					&revfg);
+			fg = &revfg;
+		}
+
+		if (bg == &dc.col[defaultbg]) {
+			bg = &dc.col[defaultfg];
+		} else {
+			colbg.red = ~bg->color.red;
+			colbg.green = ~bg->color.green;
+			colbg.blue = ~bg->color.blue;
+			colbg.alpha = bg->color.alpha;
+			XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg,
+					&revbg);
+			bg = &revbg;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_FAINT) {
+		colfg.red = fg->color.red / 2;
+		colfg.green = fg->color.green / 2;
+		colfg.blue = fg->color.blue / 2;
+		colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
+		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &revfg);
+		fg = &revfg;
+	}
+
+	if (base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE) {
+		temp = fg;
+		fg = bg;
+		bg = temp;
+	}
+
+	if (base.mode & ATTR_BLINK && win.mode & MODE_BLINK)
+		fg = bg;
+
+	if (base.mode & ATTR_INVISIBLE)
+		fg = bg;
+
+	/* Intelligent cleaning up of the borders. */
+	if (x == 0) {
+		xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, borderpx,
+			winy + win.ch +
+			((winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th)? win.h : 0));
+	}
+	if (winx + width >= borderpx + win.tw) {
+		xclear(winx + width, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, win.w,
+			((winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th)? win.h : (winy + win.ch)));
+	}
+	if (y == 0)
+		xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, borderpx);
+	if (winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th)
+		xclear(winx, winy + win.ch, winx + width, win.h);
+
+	/* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
+	XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, win.ch);
+
+	/* Set the clip region because Xft is sometimes dirty. */
+	r.x = 0;
+	r.y = 0;
+	r.height = win.ch;
+	r.width = width;
+	XftDrawSetClipRectangles(xw.draw, winx, winy, &r, 1);
+
+	/* Render the glyphs. */
+	XftDrawGlyphFontSpec(xw.draw, fg, specs, len);
+
+	/* Render underline and strikethrough. */
+	if (base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent * chscale + 1,
+				width, 1);
+	}
+
+	if (base.mode & ATTR_STRUCK) {
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent * chscale / 3,
+				width, 1);
+	}
+
+	/* Reset clip to none. */
+	XftDrawSetClip(xw.draw, 0);
+}
+
+void
+xdrawglyph(Glyph g, int x, int y)
+{
+	int numspecs;
+	XftGlyphFontSpec spec;
+
+	numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(&spec, &g, 1, x, y);
+	xdrawglyphfontspecs(&spec, g, numspecs, x, y);
+}
+
+void
+xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og)
+{
+	Color drawcol;
+
+	/* remove the old cursor */
+	if (selected(ox, oy))
+		og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
+	xdrawglyph(og, ox, oy);
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Select the right color for the right mode.
+	 */
+	g.mode &= ATTR_BOLD|ATTR_ITALIC|ATTR_UNDERLINE|ATTR_STRUCK|ATTR_WIDE;
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
+		g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;
+		g.bg = defaultfg;
+		if (selected(cx, cy)) {
+			drawcol = dc.col[defaultcs];
+			g.fg = defaultrcs;
+		} else {
+			drawcol = dc.col[defaultrcs];
+			g.fg = defaultcs;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (selected(cx, cy)) {
+			g.fg = defaultfg;
+			g.bg = defaultrcs;
+		} else {
+			g.fg = defaultbg;
+			g.bg = defaultcs;
+		}
+		drawcol = dc.col[g.bg];
+	}
+
+	/* draw the new one */
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)) {
+		switch (win.cursor) {
+		case 7: /* st extension */
+			g.u = 0x2603; /* snowman (U+2603) */
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		case 0: /* Blinking Block */
+		case 1: /* Blinking Block (Default) */
+		case 2: /* Steady Block */
+			xdrawglyph(g, cx, cy);
+			break;
+		case 3: /* Blinking Underline */
+		case 4: /* Steady Underline */
+			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
+					borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+					borderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - \
+						cursorthickness,
+					win.cw, cursorthickness);
+			break;
+		case 5: /* Blinking bar */
+		case 6: /* Steady bar */
+			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
+					borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+					borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+					cursorthickness, win.ch);
+			break;
+		}
+	} else {
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
+				borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+				borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+				win.cw - 1, 1);
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
+				borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+				borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+				1, win.ch - 1);
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
+				borderpx + (cx + 1) * win.cw - 1,
+				borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+				1, win.ch - 1);
+		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
+				borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+				borderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - 1,
+				win.cw, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+xsetenv(void)
+{
+	char buf[sizeof(long) * 8 + 1];
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", xw.win);
+	setenv("WINDOWID", buf, 1);
+}
+
+void
+xseticontitle(char *p)
+{
+	XTextProperty prop;
+	DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
+
+	if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
+	                                &prop) != Success)
+		return;
+	XSetWMIconName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
+	XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmiconname);
+	XFree(prop.value);
+}
+
+void
+xsettitle(char *p)
+{
+	XTextProperty prop;
+	DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
+
+	if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
+	                                &prop) != Success)
+		return;
+	XSetWMName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
+	XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmname);
+	XFree(prop.value);
+}
+
+int
+xstartdraw(void)
+{
+	return IS_SET(MODE_VISIBLE);
+}
+
+void
+xdrawline(Line line, int x1, int y1, int x2)
+{
+	int i, x, ox, numspecs;
+	Glyph base, new;
+	XftGlyphFontSpec *specs = xw.specbuf;
+
+	numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[x1], x2 - x1, x1, y1);
+	i = ox = 0;
+	for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
+		new = line[x];
+		if (new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
+			continue;
+		if (selected(x, y1))
+			new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
+		if (i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
+			xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
+			specs += i;
+			numspecs -= i;
+			i = 0;
+		}
+		if (i == 0) {
+			ox = x;
+			base = new;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (i > 0)
+		xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
+}
+
+void
+xfinishdraw(void)
+{
+	XCopyArea(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w,
+			win.h, 0, 0);
+	XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc,
+			dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)?
+				defaultfg : defaultbg].pixel);
+}
+
+void
+xximspot(int x, int y)
+{
+	if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	xw.ime.spot.x = borderpx + x * win.cw;
+	xw.ime.spot.y = borderpx + (y + 1) * win.ch;
+
+	XSetICValues(xw.ime.xic, XNPreeditAttributes, xw.ime.spotlist, NULL);
+}
+
+void
+expose(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	redraw();
+}
+
+void
+visibility(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	XVisibilityEvent *e = &ev->xvisibility;
+
+	MODBIT(win.mode, e->state != VisibilityFullyObscured, MODE_VISIBLE);
+}
+
+void
+unmap(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	win.mode &= ~MODE_VISIBLE;
+}
+
+void
+xsetpointermotion(int set)
+{
+	MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, set, PointerMotionMask);
+	XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask, &xw.attrs);
+}
+
+void
+xsetmode(int set, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int mode = win.mode;
+	MODBIT(win.mode, set, flags);
+	if ((win.mode & MODE_REVERSE) != (mode & MODE_REVERSE))
+		redraw();
+}
+
+int
+xsetcursor(int cursor)
+{
+	if (!BETWEEN(cursor, 0, 7)) /* 7: st extension */
+		return 1;
+	win.cursor = cursor;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+xseturgency(int add)
+{
+	XWMHints *h = XGetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win);
+
+	MODBIT(h->flags, add, XUrgencyHint);
+	XSetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win, h);
+	XFree(h);
+}
+
+void
+xbell(void)
+{
+	if (!(IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)))
+		xseturgency(1);
+	if (bellvolume)
+		XkbBell(xw.dpy, xw.win, bellvolume, (Atom)NULL);
+}
+
+void
+focus(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	XFocusChangeEvent *e = &ev->xfocus;
+
+	if (e->mode == NotifyGrab)
+		return;
+
+	if (ev->type == FocusIn) {
+		if (xw.ime.xic)
+			XSetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
+		win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
+		xseturgency(0);
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
+			ttywrite("\033[I", 3, 0);
+	} else {
+		if (xw.ime.xic)
+			XUnsetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
+		win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
+			ttywrite("\033[O", 3, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+int
+match(uint mask, uint state)
+{
+	return mask == XK_ANY_MOD || mask == (state & ~ignoremod);
+}
+
+char*
+kmap(KeySym k, uint state)
+{
+	Key *kp;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Check for mapped keys out of X11 function keys. */
+	for (i = 0; i < LEN(mappedkeys); i++) {
+		if (mappedkeys[i] == k)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == LEN(mappedkeys)) {
+		if ((k & 0xFFFF) < 0xFD00)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (kp = key; kp < key + LEN(key); kp++) {
+		if (kp->k != k)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!match(kp->mask, state))
+			continue;
+
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? kp->appkey < 0 : kp->appkey > 0)
+			continue;
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_NUMLOCK) && kp->appkey == 2)
+			continue;
+
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_APPCURSOR) ? kp->appcursor < 0 : kp->appcursor > 0)
+			continue;
+
+		return kp->s;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void
+kpress(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	XKeyEvent *e = &ev->xkey;
+	KeySym ksym = NoSymbol;
+	char buf[64], *customkey;
+	int len;
+	Rune c;
+	Status status;
+	Shortcut *bp;
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_KBDLOCK))
+		return;
+
+	if (xw.ime.xic) {
+		len = XmbLookupString(xw.ime.xic, e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, &status);
+		if (status == XBufferOverflow)
+			return;
+	} else {
+		len = XLookupString(e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, NULL);
+	}
+	/* 1. shortcuts */
+	for (bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
+		if (ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {
+			bp->func(&(bp->arg));
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* 2. custom keys from config.h */
+	if ((customkey = kmap(ksym, e->state))) {
+		ttywrite(customkey, strlen(customkey), 1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* 3. composed string from input method */
+	if (len == 0)
+		return;
+	if (len == 1 && e->state & Mod1Mask) {
+		if (IS_SET(MODE_8BIT)) {
+			if (*buf < 0177) {
+				c = *buf | 0x80;
+				len = utf8encode(c, buf);
+			}
+		} else {
+			buf[1] = buf[0];
+			buf[0] = '\033';
+			len = 2;
+		}
+	}
+	ttywrite(buf, len, 1);
+}
+
+void
+cmessage(XEvent *e)
+{
+	/*
+	 * See xembed specs
+	 *  http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html
+	 */
+	if (e->xclient.message_type == xw.xembed && e->xclient.format == 32) {
+		if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_IN) {
+			win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
+			xseturgency(0);
+		} else if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT) {
+			win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
+		}
+	} else if (e->xclient.data.l[0] == xw.wmdeletewin) {
+		ttyhangup();
+		exit(0);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+resize(XEvent *e)
+{
+	if (e->xconfigure.width == win.w && e->xconfigure.height == win.h)
+		return;
+
+	cresize(e->xconfigure.width, e->xconfigure.height);
+}
+
+void
+run(void)
+{
+	XEvent ev;
+	int w = win.w, h = win.h;
+	fd_set rfd;
+	int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy), ttyfd, xev, drawing;
+	struct timespec seltv, *tv, now, lastblink, trigger;
+	double timeout;
+
+	/* Waiting for window mapping */
+	do {
+		XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
+		/*
+		 * This XFilterEvent call is required because of XOpenIM. It
+		 * does filter out the key event and some client message for
+		 * the input method too.
+		 */
+		if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
+			continue;
+		if (ev.type == ConfigureNotify) {
+			w = ev.xconfigure.width;
+			h = ev.xconfigure.height;
+		}
+	} while (ev.type != MapNotify);
+
+	ttyfd = ttynew(opt_line, shell, opt_io, opt_cmd);
+	cresize(w, h);
+
+	for (timeout = -1, drawing = 0, lastblink = (struct timespec){0};;) {
+		FD_ZERO(&rfd);
+		FD_SET(ttyfd, &rfd);
+		FD_SET(xfd, &rfd);
+
+		if (XPending(xw.dpy))
+			timeout = 0;  /* existing events might not set xfd */
+
+		seltv.tv_sec = timeout / 1E3;
+		seltv.tv_nsec = 1E6 * (timeout - 1E3 * seltv.tv_sec);
+		tv = timeout >= 0 ? &seltv : NULL;
+
+		if (pselect(MAX(xfd, ttyfd)+1, &rfd, NULL, NULL, tv, NULL) < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			die("select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		}
+		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
+
+		if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd))
+			ttyread();
+
+		xev = 0;
+		while (XPending(xw.dpy)) {
+			xev = 1;
+			XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
+			if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
+				continue;
+			if (handler[ev.type])
+				(handler[ev.type])(&ev);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * To reduce flicker and tearing, when new content or event
+		 * triggers drawing, we first wait a bit to ensure we got
+		 * everything, and if nothing new arrives - we draw.
+		 * We start with trying to wait minlatency ms. If more content
+		 * arrives sooner, we retry with shorter and shorter periods,
+		 * and eventually draw even without idle after maxlatency ms.
+		 * Typically this results in low latency while interacting,
+		 * maximum latency intervals during `cat huge.txt`, and perfect
+		 * sync with periodic updates from animations/key-repeats/etc.
+		 */
+		if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd) || xev) {
+			if (!drawing) {
+				trigger = now;
+				drawing = 1;
+			}
+			timeout = (maxlatency - TIMEDIFF(now, trigger)) \
+			          / maxlatency * minlatency;
+			if (timeout > 0)
+				continue;  /* we have time, try to find idle */
+		}
+
+		/* idle detected or maxlatency exhausted -> draw */
+		timeout = -1;
+		if (blinktimeout && tattrset(ATTR_BLINK)) {
+			timeout = blinktimeout - TIMEDIFF(now, lastblink);
+			if (timeout <= 0) {
+				if (-timeout > blinktimeout) /* start visible */
+					win.mode |= MODE_BLINK;
+				win.mode ^= MODE_BLINK;
+				tsetdirtattr(ATTR_BLINK);
+				lastblink = now;
+				timeout = blinktimeout;
+			}
+		}
+
+		draw();
+		XFlush(xw.dpy);
+		drawing = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+usage(void)
+{
+	die("usage: %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
+	    " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
+	    "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid]"
+	    " [[-e] command [args ...]]\n"
+	    "       %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
+	    " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
+	    "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid] -l line"
+	    " [stty_args ...]\n", argv0, argv0);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	xw.l = xw.t = 0;
+	xw.isfixed = False;
+	xsetcursor(cursorshape);
+
+	ARGBEGIN {
+	case 'a':
+		allowaltscreen = 0;
+		break;
+	case 'c':
+		opt_class = EARGF(usage());
+		break;
+	case 'e':
+		if (argc > 0)
+			--argc, ++argv;
+		goto run;
+	case 'f':
+		opt_font = EARGF(usage());
+		break;
+	case 'g':
+		xw.gm = XParseGeometry(EARGF(usage()),
+				&xw.l, &xw.t, &cols, &rows);
+		break;
+	case 'i':
+		xw.isfixed = 1;
+		break;
+	case 'o':
+		opt_io = EARGF(usage());
+		break;
+	case 'l':
+		opt_line = EARGF(usage());
+		break;
+	case 'n':
+		opt_name = EARGF(usage());
+		break;
+	case 't':
+	case 'T':
+		opt_title = EARGF(usage());
+		break;
+	case 'w':
+		opt_embed = EARGF(usage());
+		break;
+	case 'v':
+		die("%s " VERSION "\n", argv0);
+		break;
+	default:
+		usage();
+	} ARGEND;
+
+run:
+	if (argc > 0) /* eat all remaining arguments */
+		opt_cmd = argv;
+
+	if (!opt_title)
+		opt_title = (opt_line || !opt_cmd) ? "st" : opt_cmd[0];
+
+	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
+	XSetLocaleModifiers("");
+	cols = MAX(cols, 1);
+	rows = MAX(rows, 1);
+	tnew(cols, rows);
+	xinit(cols, rows);
+	xsetenv();
+	selinit();
+	run();
+
+	return 0;
+}