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# Menu Toggle with Pure CSS
2020-10-19
When thinking through navigation designs for mobile devices sometimes the best option is to store away the content behind a toggle button. This button would then display the menu items upon interaction. Let me show you how to create such an element with only CSS - no need for JavaScript today!
## Before we begin
I would like to point out that the concept of "toggling" the main menu (even for mobile) is not always the best solution. If you're interested, you can take a look at a previous article I wrote explaining why: [Using Hamburger Menus? Try Sausage Links](/hamburger-menu-alternative.html)
Now that we have mentioned possible pitfalls of relying so heavily on toggle menus, let's build one!
## Our Final Product
[Live CodePen Example](https://codepen.io/bradleytaunt/pen/mdEEvEX)
## The HTML
To implement this design you really don't need much in terms of HTML:
- A single `checkbox` input
- A `label` that corresponds to the `checkbox`
- A `nav` element to house our unordered list items
<!-- The checkbox input & label partner -->
<input type="checkbox" id="menu-toggle">
<label for="menu-toggle">Menu</label>
<!-- The navigation we wish to toggle -->
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="">Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="">Colophon</a></li>
<li><a href="">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
That's it!
## The CSS
The first thing we need to do is "hide" the `checkbox` input element. It's important to avoid using `display: none` or `visibility: hidden` in order to achieve this. Those CSS properties can negatively impact accessibility (specifically screen readers). So we will be relying on the `position`, `z-index` and `opacity` properties to help us out.
/* Set the input position to absolute, send it off screen with zero opacity */
input[type="checkbox"] {
left: -9999px;
opacity: 0;
position: absolute;
}
Then we give our corresponding `label` a minor face-lift to make it appear more button-like:
/* Minor visual styling to make the label more button-y */
label {
border: 1px solid currentColor;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
padding: 10px;
}
For our main `nav` element, we want to set it's position to `absolute` in order to avoid any janky page rendering issues that might occur when toggling the menu:
`
/* Set nav to absolute (avoids odd page rendering space pop-in) */
nav {
opacity: 0;
position: absolute;
z-index: -2;
}
The last step is to actually *show* the menu if the user toggles the `checkbox`:
/* Show nav when checkbox is checked */
input[type="checkbox"]:checked ~ nav {
opacity: 1;
z-index: 1;
}
It might not look like much, but you now have a fully functional menu toggle - **made with pure CSS**!
## With Great Power...
Although this design is very simple to implement, please remember to use these types of menus wisely. Just because you *can* do something, doesn't always mean you *should*.
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