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	<title>Tabbed Content Without JavaScript</title>
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<h1 id="tabbed-content-without-javascript">Tabbed Content Without JavaScript</h1>
<p>2019-01-28</p>
<p>Creating tabs is a fairly trivial and common practice in web design, but many times it requires JavaScript to properly implement. Fortunately it <em>is</em> possible to create tabbed content with only using CSS.</p>
<p><img src="/public/images/tabbed-content.png" alt="Tabbed elements with only CSS" /></p>
<p><a href="https://codepen.io/bradleytaunt/pen/abjmayw">Live CodePen Example</a></p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="the-html">The HTML</h2>
<p>The skeleton for this component is fairly basic - we just need the following structure:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Parent element for each tab item</p></li>
<li><p>Default radio input</p></li>
<li><p>Label linked to corresponding input</p></li>
<li><p>Inner content associated with each tab item</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Full HTML for reference:</p>
<pre><code>&#60;div class="tabs"&#62;

    &#60;div class="tab-item"&#62;
        &#60;input class="tab-input" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab-1"&#62;
        &#60;label class="tab-label" for="tab-1"&#62;Tab 1&#60;&#47;label&#62;
        &#60;div class="tab-content"&#62;Content goes here&#60;&#47;div&#62;
    &#60;&#47;div&#62;

    &#60;div class="tab-item"&#62;
        &#60;input class="tab-input" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab-2"&#62;
        &#60;label class="tab-label" for="tab-2"&#62;Tab 2&#60;&#47;label&#62;
        &#60;div class="tab-content"&#62;Content goes here&#60;&#47;div&#62;
    &#60;&#47;div&#62;

    &#60;div class="tab-item"&#62;
        &#60;input class="tab-input" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab-3"&#62;
        &#60;label class="tab-label" for="tab-3"&#62;Tab 3&#60;&#47;label&#62;
        &#60;div class="tab-content"&#62;Content goes here&#60;&#47;div&#62;
    &#60;&#47;div&#62;

&#60;&#47;div&#62;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="the-css">The CSS</h2>
<p>First, we need to set each <code>input</code>, <code>label</code> and inner content into their own parent containers:</p>
<pre><code>&#47;* Main parent that holds all contents *&#47;
.tabs {
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 250px;
    position: relative;
}

&#47;* Each tab items (includes heading &#38; content) *&#47;
.tab-item {
    display: inline;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Next, we will hide the default <code>radio</code> input and design our labels to resemble a basic web tab element. The <code>z-index</code> property on the label is important for how we will be stacking our content on the z-axis (labels above inner content for example).</p>
<pre><code>&#47;* Hide the default radio inputs *&#47;
.tab-input {
    position: absolute;
    visibility: hidden;
}

&#47;* The main tab headings *&#47;
.tab-label {
    background: white;
    box-shadow: inset 0 -4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    color: lightgrey;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-block;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 5px 0 0;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 0;
}
</code></pre>
<p>The main inner content of each tab needs to have an <code>absolute</code> position set as it&#8217;s default, since the one currently selected will switch to <code>relative</code> on mobile (more on that in a moment):</p>
<pre><code>&#47;* The inner tab content *&#47;
.tab-content {
    background: white;
    bottom: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    left: 0;
    overflow: scroll;
    padding: 20px;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: 50px;
    z-index: 0;
}
</code></pre>
<p>The final step is just telling the browser to style both the <code>label</code> and inner content of the currently selected radio <code>input</code>:</p>
<pre><code>&#47;* Style the currently selected tab label *&#47;
.tab-input:checked + .tab-label {
    border: 1px solid #eee;
    border-bottom: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 -6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    color: #268bd2;
    z-index: 2;
}

&#47;* Show the currently selected tab content *&#47;
.tab-input:checked ~ .tab-content {
    border: 1px solid #eee;
    z-index: 1;
}
</code></pre>
<p>It&#8217;s as simple as that! For reference, here is the entire CSS file for easier access:</p>
<pre><code>&#47;* Main parent that holds all contents *&#47;
.tabs {
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 250px;
    position: relative;
}

&#47;* Each tab items (includes heading &#38; content) *&#47;
.tab-item {
    display: inline;
}

&#47;* Hide the default radio inputs *&#47;
.tab-input {
    position: absolute;
    visibility: hidden;
}

&#47;* The main tab headings *&#47;
.tab-label {
    background: white;
    box-shadow: inset 0 -4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    color: lightgrey;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-block;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 5px 0 0;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 0;
}

&#47;* The inner tab content *&#47;
.tab-content {
    background: white;
    bottom: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    left: 0;
    overflow: scroll;
    padding: 20px;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: 50px;
    z-index: 0;
}

&#47;* Style the currently selected tab label *&#47;
.tab-input:checked + .tab-label {
    border: 1px solid #eee;
    border-bottom: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 -6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    color: #268bd2;
    z-index: 2;
}

&#47;* Show the currently selected tab content *&#47;
.tab-input:checked ~ .tab-content {
    border: 1px solid #eee;
    z-index: 1;
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="dont-forget-about-mobile">Don&#8217;t forget about mobile</h2>
<p>With only a few extra lines of CSS we can ensure that our custom tabs will stack on top of each other and look solid on mobile devices:</p>
<pre><code>@media(max-width:38em) {
    .tab-label {
        display: block;
        width: 100%;
    }
    .tab-content {
        display: none;
    }
    .tab-input:checked ~ .tab-content {
        bottom: auto;
        display: block;
        position: relative;
        top: auto;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="one-minor-caveat">One minor caveat</h2>
<p>Even though I&#8217;m a pretty big fan of implementing tabs this way, there is a small drawback:</p>
<p>The <code>height</code> of the inner content doesn&#8217;t grow dynamically since it defaults as <code>absolute</code>, so a <code>min-height</code> or <code>height</code> value is required on the parent element. This could become a problem in certain situations where you don&#8217;t have the luxury of setting a static height.</p>
<p>Other than that, enjoy building some JavaScript-free tabs!</p>
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