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<title>Tabbed Content Without JavaScript</title>
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<h1 id="tabbed-content-without-javascript">Tabbed Content Without JavaScript</h1>
<p>2019-01-28</p>
<p>Creating tabs is a fairly trivial and common practice in web design, but many times it requires JavaScript to properly implement. Fortunately it <em>is</em> possible to create tabbed content with only using CSS.</p>
<p><img src="/public/images/tabbed-content.png" alt="Tabbed elements with only CSS" /></p>
<p><a href="https://codepen.io/bradleytaunt/pen/abjmayw">Live CodePen Example</a></p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="the-html">The HTML</h2>
<p>The skeleton for this component is fairly basic - we just need the following structure:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Parent element for each tab item</p></li>
<li><p>Default radio input</p></li>
<li><p>Label linked to corresponding input</p></li>
<li><p>Inner content associated with each tab item</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Full HTML for reference:</p>
<pre><code><div class="tabs">
<div class="tab-item">
<input class="tab-input" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab-1">
<label class="tab-label" for="tab-1">Tab 1</label>
<div class="tab-content">Content goes here</div>
</div>
<div class="tab-item">
<input class="tab-input" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab-2">
<label class="tab-label" for="tab-2">Tab 2</label>
<div class="tab-content">Content goes here</div>
</div>
<div class="tab-item">
<input class="tab-input" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab-3">
<label class="tab-label" for="tab-3">Tab 3</label>
<div class="tab-content">Content goes here</div>
</div>
</div>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="the-css">The CSS</h2>
<p>First, we need to set each <code>input</code>, <code>label</code> and inner content into their own parent containers:</p>
<pre><code>/* Main parent that holds all contents */
.tabs {
height: 100%;
min-height: 250px;
position: relative;
}
/* Each tab items (includes heading & content) */
.tab-item {
display: inline;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Next, we will hide the default <code>radio</code> input and design our labels to resemble a basic web tab element. The <code>z-index</code> property on the label is important for how we will be stacking our content on the z-axis (labels above inner content for example).</p>
<pre><code>/* Hide the default radio inputs */
.tab-input {
position: absolute;
visibility: hidden;
}
/* The main tab headings */
.tab-label {
background: white;
box-shadow: inset 0 -4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
color: lightgrey;
cursor: pointer;
display: inline-block;
font-weight: 600;
margin: 0 5px 0 0;
padding: 10px 20px;
position: relative;
text-align: center;
z-index: 0;
}
</code></pre>
<p>The main inner content of each tab needs to have an <code>absolute</code> position set as it’s default, since the one currently selected will switch to <code>relative</code> on mobile (more on that in a moment):</p>
<pre><code>/* The inner tab content */
.tab-content {
background: white;
bottom: 0;
box-shadow: 0 6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
left: 0;
overflow: scroll;
padding: 20px;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 50px;
z-index: 0;
}
</code></pre>
<p>The final step is just telling the browser to style both the <code>label</code> and inner content of the currently selected radio <code>input</code>:</p>
<pre><code>/* Style the currently selected tab label */
.tab-input:checked + .tab-label {
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-bottom: 0;
box-shadow: 0 -6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
color: #268bd2;
z-index: 2;
}
/* Show the currently selected tab content */
.tab-input:checked ~ .tab-content {
border: 1px solid #eee;
z-index: 1;
}
</code></pre>
<p>It’s as simple as that! For reference, here is the entire CSS file for easier access:</p>
<pre><code>/* Main parent that holds all contents */
.tabs {
height: 100%;
min-height: 250px;
position: relative;
}
/* Each tab items (includes heading & content) */
.tab-item {
display: inline;
}
/* Hide the default radio inputs */
.tab-input {
position: absolute;
visibility: hidden;
}
/* The main tab headings */
.tab-label {
background: white;
box-shadow: inset 0 -4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
color: lightgrey;
cursor: pointer;
display: inline-block;
font-weight: 600;
margin: 0 5px 0 0;
padding: 10px 20px;
position: relative;
text-align: center;
z-index: 0;
}
/* The inner tab content */
.tab-content {
background: white;
bottom: 0;
box-shadow: 0 6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
left: 0;
overflow: scroll;
padding: 20px;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 50px;
z-index: 0;
}
/* Style the currently selected tab label */
.tab-input:checked + .tab-label {
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-bottom: 0;
box-shadow: 0 -6px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
color: #268bd2;
z-index: 2;
}
/* Show the currently selected tab content */
.tab-input:checked ~ .tab-content {
border: 1px solid #eee;
z-index: 1;
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="dont-forget-about-mobile">Don’t forget about mobile</h2>
<p>With only a few extra lines of CSS we can ensure that our custom tabs will stack on top of each other and look solid on mobile devices:</p>
<pre><code>@media(max-width:38em) {
.tab-label {
display: block;
width: 100%;
}
.tab-content {
display: none;
}
.tab-input:checked ~ .tab-content {
bottom: auto;
display: block;
position: relative;
top: auto;
}
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="one-minor-caveat">One minor caveat</h2>
<p>Even though I’m a pretty big fan of implementing tabs this way, there is a small drawback:</p>
<p>The <code>height</code> of the inner content doesn’t grow dynamically since it defaults as <code>absolute</code>, so a <code>min-height</code> or <code>height</code> value is required on the parent element. This could become a problem in certain situations where you don’t have the luxury of setting a static height.</p>
<p>Other than that, enjoy building some JavaScript-free tabs!</p>
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